Publié le par Jamel BABA

Quelques éléments de réflexion sur la profession de psychologue du sport…

Informer > Articles > Psychologie du sport > Préparation mentale
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psychologie-du-sportDe plus en plus de sportif ont recours à des psychologues du sport. La contribution du psychologue dans le domaine sportif constitue une réalité essentielle, contemporaine en France, déjà ancienne dans certains pays. L’histoire de la psychologie du sport permet de mettre en lumière certains des enjeux présents dans ce domaine.

Les techniques d’entraînement mental regroupent un ensemble de techniques développé en psychologie et parapsychologie. Elles visent généralement à améliorer un ensemble de capacités psychiques nécessaire à la pratique sportive.
Elles s’appuient sur des techniques qui peuvent être combinées : relaxation, fixation d’objectifs, visualisation, discours interne, régulation de l’activation…
Les progrès récents de ces techniques permettent maintenant de les utiliser selon les profils et les situations de chaque sportif.

Il existe parfois une différence importante entre les techniques d’entraînement mental et les approches cliniques du sportif. Pourtant, dans le cadre de l’intervention en psychologie du sport, ces deux approches sont nécessaires et interagissent.

Les techniques d’entraînement mental
Les techniques d’entraînement mental peuvent être utilisées à deux niveaux :
[sws_ui_icon ui_theme= »ui-smoothness » icon= »ui-icon-triangle-1-e »] [/sws_ui_icon] pour optimiser la performance du sportif.
Elles permettent d’optimiser les capacités mentales du sportif. Dans ce cadre, les techniques peuvent être intégrées à l’entraînement de tous sportifs, quel que soit son niveau, son âge et les difficultés rencontrées.
[sws_ui_icon ui_theme= »ui-smoothness » icon= »ui-icon-triangle-1-e »] [/sws_ui_icon] pour prévenir des difficultés psychologiques liées à la pratique sportive.

En effet, ces techniques ont également un impact important sur l’équilibre psychique du sportif. Elles permettent par exemple, d’accroître la confiance en soi, la motivation, réduire l’anxiété, agir sur la gestion du stress, la récupération, la diminution du risque de blessures…

Les difficultés que l’on rencontre dans l’utilisation de ces dispositifs relève de l’adéquation de ces techniques à une situation donnée : pourquoi le pratiquant à t’il recoure à ces techniques? Quels sont les compétences et les objectifs du praticien?

L’analyse de la situation et de l’enjeu de la demande est indispensable pour une approche pertinente :
[sws_ui_icon ui_theme= »ui-smoothness » icon= »ui-icon-triangle-1-e »] [/sws_ui_icon] concernant le pratiquant: qu’est-ce qui l’amène à solliciter ce type d’intervention ? Souhaite-t-il optimiser ses performances, rencontre t’il des difficultés depuis de nombreux mois ?
[sws_ui_icon ui_theme= »ui-smoothness » icon= »ui-icon-triangle-1-e »] [/sws_ui_icon] concernant le praticien : est-il face à une situation où l’entraînement mental est indiqué ? Est-il capable de l’évaluer?

Et surtout la question fondamentale : a-t-il la compétence pour y remédier ?

On voit depuis quelques années proliférer des individus qui s’autoproclament préparateur mental ou psychologue du sport, parce qu’ils ont reçus quelques heures de cours sur le sujet ou pire encore parce qu’ils ont consultés deux ouvrages sur le sujet..
C’est pourquoi une charte de la société Française de psychologie du sport sur l’éthique de l’intervention en psychologie du sport s’est avérée indispensable pour former les contours de la profession.

Référence :
Sport et psychologie, L’apport du psychologue aux acteurs, Marc Leveque Les cahiers de l’INSEP.
Entraînement mental et sport de haute performance, N°22 1998, Philippe Fleurance, Les cahiers de l’INSEP.

Crépin Nathalie
Delerue Florence

640 réponses sur “Quelques éléments de réflexion sur la profession de psychologue du sport…”

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